This essay focuses on controlling church challenge.But can also include a small amount of current issues with regards to mental illness in prisons.

controlling church challenge

A research paper of 12 pages is one of the main components of the course. It must be based on extensive secondary research. A minimum of eight secondary sources (scholarly books and articles) must be employed. In order to make the paper more critical and original, students must also use primary documents, hundreds of which can be found on-line (i.e. see the databases:

Early Canadiana On-line, The Making of America, Google Books, archive.org, etc.

You should have at least six foot/endnotes for primary documents in your essay. The paper must be organized around a central argument or thesis and critically analyze. A specific topic pertaining to the history of incarceration. this paper will require majority the history of mental illness in prisons. But can also include a small amount of current issues with regards to mental illness in prisons.

England provides a good case study. When Augustine of Canterbury brought Christianity there in 597, no schools exist. He need train priests to conduct church services and boys to sing in the choir. He had to create both the grammar schools that taught Latin, to enable the English to study for the priesthood, and song schools (choir schools) that train the ‘sons of gentlefolk’ to sing in cathedral choirs.

In the case of Canterbury (597) and Rochester (604), both still exist.

Bede in his Ecclesiastical history (732) tells that the Canterbury school taught more than the ‘intended. Reading and understanding of Latin’, but ‘the rules of metric. Astronomy and the computus as well as the works of the saints’ Even at this stage. There was tension, as the church was worried that knowledge . Latin would give the student access to non-Christian texts that it would not wish them to read.

Over the centuries leading to the renaissance and reformation the church was the main provider of secondary education. Various invasions and schisms within the controlling church challenge the focus of the schools. And the curriculum and language of instruction wax and wan. From 1100, With the growth of the towns, grammar schools ‘free’ of the church were find. And some church grammar schools were hand over to the laïty. Universities were find that didn’t just train students for the priesthood.

Renaissance and Reformation

Whereas in mainland Europe the Renaissance preceded the Reformation. Local conditions in England caused the Reformation to come first. The Reformation was about, among other things. Allowing the laïty to interpret the Bible in their own way without the intervention of priests. And preferably in the vernacular. This stimulate the foundation of free Grammar schools- who search for a less constrained curriculum.

Colonialisation required navigation, mensuration, languages and administrative skills. The laïty want these taught to their sons. After had master moveable metal type printing and Tyndale had translate the Bible into English (1525).  Latin became a skill reserve for the catholic church and sons of conservative nobility. Schools start to be set up for the sons of merchants in Europe and the colonies too. For example Boston Latin Grammar School (1635).