This essay focuses on function of the organism. Some information is important because of association with other information. But eventually there must be a connection to a causal input.

function of the organism

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Often information can be view as a type of input to an organism or system.

Inputs are of two kinds; some inputs are important to the function of the organism (for example, food) or system (energy) by themselves. In his book Sensory Ecology  biophysicist David B. Dusenbery called these causal inputs.

Other inputs (information) are important only because they are associate with causal inputs. Can be use to predict the occurrence of a causal input at a later time (and perhaps another place). Some information is important because of association with other information. But eventually there must be a connection to a causal input.

In practice, information is usually carried by weak stimuli that must be detect. Specialize sensory systems and amplify by energy inputs before they can be functional to the organism or system. For example, light is mainly (but not only, e.g. plants can grow in the direction of the lightsource). A causal input to plants but for animals it only provides information.

The colored light reflected from a flower is too weak for photosynthesis.

But the visual system of the bee detects it and the bee’s nervous system use. The information to guide the bee to the flower. Where the bee often finds nectar or pollen, which are causal inputs, serving a nutritional function.

The cognitive scientist and applied mathematician Ronaldo Vigo argues that information. A concept that requires at least two relate entities to make quantitative sense. These are, any dimensionally defined category of objects S, and any of its subsets R. R. In essence, is a representation of S, or, in other words, conveys representational (and hence, conceptual) information about S.

Vigo then defines the amount of information that R conveys about S as the rate of change. In the complexity of S whenever the objects in R are removed from S. Under “Vigo information”, pattern, invariance, complexity, representation, and information. Five fundamental constructs of universal science—are unify under a novel mathematical framework. Among other things, the framework aims to overcome the limitations of Shannon-Weaver information. When attempting to characterize and measure subjective information.