This essay focuses on more false premises . If an argument is valid, it is a valid deduction, and if its premises are true, the conclusion must be true. A valid argument cannot have true premises and a false conclusion.

more false premises

In the course of your comparison/contrast, make sure to: explain the main argument. Each essay describe the ways in which the articles agree describe the areas in which they hold different views. Explain which essay you found more rationally persuasive and why. In the course of your paper be sure to make reference to the articles, the chapter readings. And the TED talk by Titanji to help illustrate key ideas.

Deductive arguments may be either valid or invalid. If an argument is valid, it is a valid deduction, and if its premises are true, the conclusion must be true. A valid argument cannot have true premises and a false conclusion.

An argument is formally valid if and only if the denial of the conclusion is incompatible with accepting all the premises.

The validity of an argument depends not on the actual truth or falsity of its premises and conclusion. But on whether the argument has a valid logical form. The validity of an argument is not a guarantee of the truth of its conclusion. A valid argument may have false premises that render it inconclusive. The conclusion of a valid argument with one or more false premises may be true or false.

Logic seeks to discover the forms that make arguments valid.

A form of argument is valid if and only if the conclusion is true. Under all interpretations of that argument in which the premises are true. Since the validity of an argument depends on its form. An argument can be shown invalid by showing that its form is invalid. This can be done by a counter example of the same form of argument with premises that are true under a given interpretation. But a conclusion that is false under that interpretation. In informal logic this is call a counter argument.

The form of argument can be shown by the use of symbols.

For each argument form, there is a corresponding statement form, called a corresponding conditional. nd an argument form is valid if and only if its corresponding conditional is a logical truth

The corresponding conditional of a valid argument is a necessary truth (true in all possible worlds). And so the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, or follows of logical necessity. The conclusion of a valid argument is not necessarily true, it depends on whether the premises are true. If the conclusion, itself, is a necessary truth, it is without regard to the premises.